Introduction of C programming | Learn C programming simple or basic tutorial ~ Zapro technique

C is the programming Language.It was originally developed by Dennis Ritchie between 1969 and 1973 at Bell Labs.As we know that computers only understand binary language and it was difficult for us to understand, therefore we needed a language which could easily understand the computer and we also understood easily so that the C programming was developed . Although quite a language like this has been developed but its equation has not been able to have any language so far.It was designed to be compiled using a relatively straightforward compiler, to provide low-level access to memory, to provide language constructs that map efficiently to machine instructions, and to require minimal run-time support. Despite its low-level capabilities, the language was designed to encourage cross-platform programming. A standards-compliant and portably written C program can be compiled for a very wide variety of computer platforms and operating systems with few changes to its source code. The language has become available on a very wide range of platforms, from embedded microcontrollers to supercomputers. Some of the Example's that uses 'C Programming' are is below:-

Operating System (Unix).
Compiler
Assembler
Networks drivers and much More.

Characteristics of C language:-

C is the middle level language. Middle level language drives its simplicity from the high level language and its programming capacity from low level language.
c is very easy language.it is consenting only 32 reserved words
C is used to solved various important problems like system booting, operating system design and much more.

C tokens:-

C tokens is the smallest and basic unit of a C program. there are several kind of Tokens they are as follows:

Keyword
Identifiers
Constant
Constant

1. Keywords:-

they are also known as reserved word. there are 32 types of keywords.

they serve for the pacific purpose and can not be used else where .some of c keywords are given below in the table.

int	long	while	char	void	goto
float	main	if	double	Size of	else
short	do	continue	break	for	switch
while	Do while	extern	union	static	Unsigned

2. Identifiers:-

Identifiers is a name given to the variable ,function by the user. identifiers follows some rules they are follow.

Rules:-

the name of the Identifiers can not be same as the name of the keywords.
No special character other than underscore can be used as identifiers name.
Identifiers name can not be started with a digit.
We can Always start the name of identifiers Alphabets as well as with underscore.

Examples:

Abc -> valid

Cd123 -> valid

_abc -> valid

@hello -> invalid

12a -> invalid

3. Constant:-

constant in ‘C’ something which value cannot be changed . there are various type of constant.constant is like normal variable whose value cannot be changed through out of the program.

constant can be declared as :-> constant int a;

integer constant
floating constant
character constant
string constant

(i) integer constant:-

An integer constant numerical constant without any fraction exponent part.

example:- -7,3,103

Rules:-

An integer constant must have at least one digit.
It should not have decimal value .
It could be either positive or negative.
No comma(") os blank are allowed in integer constant.
If no sign is preceding of the value it is assume to be the positive.

(ii) floating constant:-

It is also known as real constant. real constant is a numerical constant that constant decimal expansion value.

example: - 35.36,42.66, 35.00

Rules:-

It must have a decimal value.
It can be positive and negative
If no sign process the value then it is considered as a positive
No comma and blanks are allowed

(iii) character constant :-

A character constant is a constant which use single character enclosed in single quotes. a character constant can have alphabet, numeric value or escape sequence.

Example:- 'A','1'

Rules:-

A single character or a digit or and special symbols in closed with in single quotes.
Maximum length of character constant is one character.

(iv) string constant:-

String constant are those constant which contained A sequence of character enclosed in double quotes(" ").

Example:- "hello", "name".

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